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A Murphy drip is a rectal infusion apparatus to administer the medical procedure of proctoclysis, also known as rectoclysis.〔''The American Heritage Medical Dictionary'', 2007, Houghton Mifflin Company.〕〔Zerwekh, Joyce. (February 1, 2003) Nursing. ''(End-of-life hydration—benefit of burden? )'' Volume 33; Issue 2; Page 1.〕 During the procedure, an end of the Murphy drip is inserted into the rectum and large quantities of liquid are infused into the rectum drop by drop.〔''Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary'', 3 ed. 2007, Elsevier Inc.〕 Prior to fluids or medicines being given intravenously, the Murphy drip and hypodermoclysis were the prime routes to administer fluids such as for replacement when patients could not be fed by mouth.〔Mullane, Mary K. (December 31, 2000) Nursing Forum ''(A glance back in time. )'' Volume 35; Issue 4; Page 41.〕 Wisconsin surgeon John Benjamin Murphy introduced the drip method of saline infusion per rectum in the treatment of peritonitis.〔Rutkow, Ira M. (March 2001) Journal of the American Medical Association ''(Moments in Surgical History: John Benjamin Murphy, 1857-1916. )'' Arch Surg, March 2001; 136: 359.〕 ==History== The Murphy drip was invented by Wisconsin surgeon John Benjamin Murphy, for the purpose of administering a proctoclysis for hydration and replenishment of electrolytes, via a sodium and calcium chloride solution. This would be used when administration by mouth was not possible because of the condition of the patient.〔Morgenstern, Leon, "John Benjamin Murphy (1857-1916): An American Surgical Phenomenon", ''Surgical Innovation'', vol 13, No 1, pp1-3, Sage Publications, March 2006〕 The Murphy drip was described in the April 1909 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.〔Journal of the American Medical Association (April 17, 1909) ''Proctoclysys in the Treatment of Peritonitis (the Murphy Drip).''〕 By as early as July 1928, the Murphy drip was considered an auxiliary method of injection behind intravenous therapy and subcutaneous injection, the two principal methods of injection at that time.〔Homer R. Spence (November 3, 1933) California Courts of Appeal, First District, Division 2. ''(Callahan v. Hahnemann Hospital. )'' 26 P.2d 506.〕 The Murphy drip can be used for administering drugs by this route and the apparatus is also used in conjunction with a catheter for bladder irrigation. The term can even be applied to apparatus used to administer fluids intravenously.〔"New Syphilis Cure", ''TIME Magazine'', 22 April 1940, Time Inc. retrieved (online ) 20 June 2008.〕 A curious anecdote involving the Murphy drip is related by Walter Lord in his book on the Battle of Midway. On 4 June 1942 Pharmacist's Mate Edwin Miller was stationed on Sand Island (part of the Midway Atoll) and was making ready for the expected Japanese attack. Miller prepared undrinkably strong coffee which, he claimed, was to be used in an "old fashioned" treatment for shock - administration of strong coffee through the rectum via a Murphy drip. When the attack got underway, Miller was joined by his commanding officer and doctor in charge, Lieutenant Commander A. E. Ady, who did not appear to know the medical purpose of the coffee and asked for some to be poured. Miller thought that it would be amusing to let his commander drink it, but made the mistake of also drinking some himself. Dr. Ady continued to tell jokes throughout the attack. Miller, however, paid for his practical joke and was sick.〔Lord, Walter, ''Midway: The Incredible Victory'', pp98, 104, 105, Harper & Row 1967, ISBN 1-84022-236-0〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Murphy drip」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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